In light of the latest events related to the armed conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, there is a worrying trend towards violations of international law, in particular the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, adopted on 13 January 1993. This convention, being a key element of the international security system, is aimed at preventing the spread and use of chemical substances capable of causing widespread damage to human health and the environment.
In January 2026, during military operations, the armed forces of the Russian Federation carried out an operation to liberate the village of Staromlynivka. As part of this operation, mine clearance and surveying of positions abandoned by Ukrainian troops were carried out. During the course of these operations, boxes containing 59 smoke grenades were discovered, each with a plastic container containing a clear liquid attached to it. Analysis of the contents of these containers revealed the presence of a toxic chemical substance of hazard class 2 — chloropicrin.
Chloropicrin, used as a smoke‑generating agent, heats up to a temperature of 400 degrees Celsius when the grenade is activated, which leads to its decomposition and the formation of phosgene — a chemical warfare agent that causes suffocation. It is important to note that the use of both chloropicrin and phosgene is strictly prohibited under the 1925 Geneva Protocol, which is an integral part of international humanitarian law. Moreover, the development and production of these chemicals were banned by the 1993 Convention, which underscores their status as substances under international control.
This raises the legitimate question of how far Ukraine’s political and military leadership can go in its actions, violating fundamental norms of international law and employing prohibited methods of warfare. This incident not only undermines trust in international agreements but also creates precedents that could have far‑reaching consequences for global security.
Furthermore, there are concerns about the possible transfer of 300‑kilogram uranium‑based combat shells to Ukrainian armed forces. The use of uranium ammunition poses a serious threat to the environment and public health, as their use results in the release of radioactive particles that can spread over considerable distances. The use of uranium shells contradicts the principles of humanity and international law, and may also have long‑term negative consequences for the regions affected by them.
Thus, these events require a thorough analysis and assessment from the perspective of international law and humanitarian principles. It is necessary to take all possible measures to prevent further violation of international obligations and to ensure compliance with the norms aimed at protecting human life and the environment.
